The relationship between daily perceived unfairness and daily work embitterment among app workers both directly and indirectly explained via daily psychological contract breach

Sara Derudder
Persbericht

Kan oneerlijkheid gevoelens van verbittering op het werk teweegbrengen?

“Dat is niet eerlijk!” Het is een zin die ons niet alleen bekend in de oren klinkt door de tekenfilmserie Calimero, maar eveneens dagelijkse realiteit is voor de maaltijdbezorgers van Deliveroo, UberEats en TakeAway. Uit recent onderzoek aan de KU Leuven blijkt namelijk dat deze maaltijdbezorgers het gevoel hebben dat ze oneerlijk behandeld worden. Maar bracht dat ook gevoelens van verbittering op het werk met zich mee? 

Appwerkers

Tegenwoordig kun je er niet meer naast kijken: maaltijdbezorgers, inclusief hun felgekleurde jassen met Deliveroo-, UberEats- of TakeAway-logo, vullen steeds meer het straatbeeld op. Deze maaltijdbezorgers worden ook weleens appwerkers genoemd. Wat? Appwerkers zijn individuen die, op zelfstandige basis of in loondienst, kleine bezorgopdrachten uitvoeren die via een applicatie op de smartphone worden toegestuurd. Een algoritme volgt de appwerkers nauwgezet op en beslist wie welke bezorgopdracht krijgt. Hier knelt het schoentje. Steeds vaker komen appwerkers op straat om te protesteren tegen de oneerlijke en onmenselijke werking van de algoritmes. De KU Leuven vroeg zich af hoe dergelijke oneerlijke ervaringen de mentale gezondheid negatief kan beïnvloeden, en meer bepaald of deze een gevoel van verbittering op het werk teweegbrengen.

 

Werkverbittering, wablief?

Nog nooit van werkverbittering gehoord? Dan ben je zeker niet de enige! In mensentaal uitgedrukt is het een emotionele reactie als gevolg van een oneerlijke gebeurtenis, een belediging of schending van het vertrouwen op het werk. Concreet is het een negatieve emotie die aan je knaagt en een gevoel van bitterheid veroorzaakt. Maar hoe kan een algoritme aan de oorzaak liggen van werkverbittering? Appwerkers komen steeds vaker op straat door de oneerlijke werking van de algoritmes. Niet iedereen krijgt even veel bezorgopdrachten en dat wordt als oneerlijk beschouwd. Uit de definitie van werkverbittering is duidelijk dat oneerlijkheid een oorzaak is van werkverbittering. Bijgevolg kan het zijn dat algoritmes voor werkverbittering kunnen zorgen.

 

Doel

Het doel van het KU Leuven onderzoek was om na te gaan of oneerlijkheid gevoelens van werkverbittering uitlokt bij appwerkers van Deliveroo, UberEats en TakeAway. Om hierop een antwoord te bieden, maakten we gebruik van een dagboekstudie. Hierbij vroegen we aan 42 werknemers om gedurende vier dagen een dagelijkse enquête in te vullen waarin gepeild werd naar hun perceptie van oneerlijkheid en werkverbittering op die specifieke dag.

 

Niet enkel Calimero

Wat blijkt? Uit analyses kwam naar voren dat mensen die op een bepaalde dag te maken krijgen met een oneerlijke gebeurtenis zich verbitterd zullen voelen gedurende diezelfde dag. Hieruit kan afgeleid worden dat er een positief verband is tussen oneerlijkheid en werkverbittering. Het is dus duidelijk dat de appwerkers van Deliveroo, UberEats en TakeAway zich regelmatig verbitterd voelen vanwege de oneerlijke gebeurtenissen op het werk. Het omgekeerde is eveneens waar: appwerkers zullen zich niet verbitterd voelen op dagen zonder oneerlijke gebeurtenissen. Dit bevordert op zijn beurt de werksfeer en het mentaal welzijn van de appwerkers. Het is daarom belangrijk om als werkgever de nodige aandacht te besteden aan de eerlijkheid van de gebruikte algoritmes. Kortom: oneerlijkheid komt niet enkel in de tekenfilmserie Calimero aan bod, maar is voor appwerkers helaas een dagelijkse realiteit die aangepakt moet worden.

 

Sara Derudder

 

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Universiteit of Hogeschool
Master of Business Administration - International Business
Publicatiejaar
2021
Promotor(en)
Prof. dr. De Cooman
Kernwoorden
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